Essay on Gender Roles - 2001 Words

The term gender roles refers to the set of social and behavioral norms that are considered appropriate for individuals of a certain gender. These roles vary between cultures. Gender roles, unlike gender itself, are socially constructed. They may reflect the natural aspirations of the gender, or they may be manipulated, resulting in the oppression of a gender. Historically, gender roles have not always been consistent with those we have today. Though in many ancient societies men have been dominant to women, there are example where women have been considered equal to men, and where women have been dominant over men. In hunting and gathering societies, such as the ones of early humans, males and females were considered equal. Because of†¦show more content†¦Although, men and women were not fully equal, women still had many more rights in Egypt than in other civilizations. Ancient Sparta, one of the many Greek city-states, was unique in the sense that Spartan women and men shared equal rights and opportunities, where women were considered lesser in other Greek societies. While Sparta might be seen as a male dominant society, due to its war-like, violent nature, women were not considered inferior by the men. At birth, both male and female babies were bathed in wine to test their strength. Those who failed this test were abandoned. Boys were enrolled in military school at the age of seven, and female children were given education at this time. The Spartans were the only Greeks who included the education of women as a state policy. Women did not learn domestic tasks during this education. They were given physical training and taught gymnastics, javelin, foot races and staged battles. While men were away at battle, women were often the ones defending the city from invaders. Spartan women were not required to stay at home all day like other Greek women. Th e women also possessed economic power, controlling property and the family wealth. Women often voiced their opinions, while the men listened to their wives as well. Although these freedoms wereShow MoreRelatedGender, Masculinity, And Gender Roles1380 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, but is instead, viewed from the perspective of women themselves. They are not observed from outside in, but from the inside out. At the same time, Danzon reverses and thus subverts the classic representations of gender, while relocating and challenging gender roles. Unlike the common representation of women in former Mexican cinema, femininity is not defined as being an opposition to masculinity in the film. In fact, men almost rarely appear. When they do appear, they appear as constructedRead MoreThe Role Of Socialization And Gender Roles852 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTIOn tell me what you are focussing on†¦..family and theirgender roles Socialisation is the process by which a child learns to respect his or her environmental laws such as norms, values and customs. Socialisation helps the infant gradually become self-aware and a knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which he or she is born. Children within the primary socialisation of the family learn a great deal from parents and other care givers such as grandparents, grandmothersRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role844 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles can be defined as roles society expects people to play on account of their sex life. Like all roles, gender roles are made up of sets of expectations, so they can be thought of as sets of expirations, so they can be thought of as sets of expectation that are attached to sex.(pp: 220 John E. Farley Michael W. Flota). The key word gender role affects me personally because as recent graduate of high school it’s time for me to go into the real world, of working class gender role of theRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagessession, I will discuss the gender roles in my family. The definition of gender role is the degree to which a person adopts the gender-specific behaviors ascribed by his or her culture (Matsumoto, D. R., Juang 2013, 156). For example, traditional gender roles recommend that males are aggressive, angry, and unemotional. It goes further and explains that the male should leave the home every day to make a living and be the main wage earner. The traditional gender role for the female purpose is toRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Role Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesOF SUBMISSION Gender roles Introduction Gender is set of characteristics that may be used to differentiate between female and male through the use of one’s gender or through gender identity therefore. Gender role can be considered as the hypothetical construct in humanities and in many social sciences referring to a set of behavioral and social norms which in a particular culture may be largely regarded to be socially appropriate for individuals of a particular sex, gender roles vary from variousRead MoreThe Shift Of Gender Roles940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shift of Gender Roles Gender roles are a major component of many wonderful pieces of literature and differ as time passes. The amazing part about reading novels set in different time periods is that as readers we can see the progression of these gender roles throughout time. Willa Cather s novel One of Ours displays both traditional and non-traditional gender roles. These gender roles are displayed through the main characters Claude and Enid, and minor characters such as Leonard Dawson andRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their researchRead MoreGender Roles in Society1047 Words   |  4 PagesBroadly conceptualized, gender roles are what our society expects and values in their community. They shape our behavior and values, thoughts and feelings, even going so far as to denote a person’s worth. Gender roles are present in everyday situations. In the past they strictly dictated the behavior of people in the community (the right to vote, occupations women were allowed to work in), though in the recent past have become more subtle and more successfully challenged. In some instances they areRead MoreThe Gender Roles Of A Woman975 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesshe is immediately outcasted and seen as a problem instead of embraced. Anowa, who is the young lady protagonist in Ama Ata Aidoo’s short story, â€Å"Anowa†, does just that. She challenges the gender roles in many ways throughout the story in order to push back against the idea that all women should accept the role as the passive bystander to her male counterpart that society and traditions have predetermined for her, she ultimately expects more out of her life than just living her mother’s life. RegardlessRead More Gender Roles Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles The affects of gender roles on people greatly change the way the society runs. According to the Websters dictionary the definition of gender are the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex, and the definition of role is a character assigned or assumed. The key word in this definition is assumed; therefore, whether you are male or female, you know what role you must play in society. Traditional gender roles are beneficial

Threatening Forces Free Essays

Threatening forces are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a threat in today s society. The poem by James Joyce, I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, contains evidence of a threatening force. We will write a custom essay sample on Threatening Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now The threatening force in this poem is punk rock kids at a punk rock show. Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime example of one is when he says Arrogant, in black armor. He is talking about kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks threatening. Seeing people in leather jackets is scary, especially when society has trained us to think that black is a sign of. We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out like a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says in black armor, it is a threatening force of punk rock. Punk rock is a very firm theme of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil. This is saying how he feels that the chains that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often make a loud noise and if you wear more than one, which most people do, it makes an extremely loud noise which can be demoralizing. Clearly, the sound of the chains clanging together is a threatening sound. The people who listen to punk rock music are a reoccurring theme of peril. The threatening force of punk rock is extravagant when James Joyce says; They come out of the sea and run shouting by the shore. This is talking about them after a concert and how they are rowdy. Them coming out of the sea is when they come out of the mosh pit, out of the sea of people. After this they are often rowdy with the little energy they have left over. They are talking loudly because their hearing was just blasted by the loud music. People who are in a really good mood and acting a bit rowdy are often seemed to be dangerous especially if they are yelling. Evidently, punks after a concert are considered a threatening force to society. The poem, I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, is about the threat that punk rock supposedly puts on our society. Society is chained to its belief that anything different is threatening. Even though most of these people are not the least bit scary. It is hard to believe that, when the leaders of society, like the police, are always blaming the problem of on these types of people. Is punk rock really a threatening force in society or just a way that we have been brain washed to fear change and difference? How to cite Threatening Forces, Essay examples

Family and Birling Essay Example For Students

Family and Birling Essay In this essay I will try to decide whether Arthur Birling is a person we should admire. To do this I need to study different points of his character and support these points with extracts from the playscipt. I will view both his admirable qualities and the sides of his character that I dont admire. I will consider the reasons behind his character and sum these up in my conclusion. On page 11 we learn that Birling has a very high standing in Brumley. He was an alderman for several years and was Lord Mayor for a time too. It is not surprising that Birling is in line for a knighthood. These achievements are not to be sneezed, at they are very admirable in my opinion. However, I dont like the way Birling attempts to abuse his influence and friendship with those in power. There is evidence of this on page 16 in the playscript, Birling hints at the inspector that if he causes him or his family any bother then the inspector might get into trouble with his chief because Birling is associated with him. This could be evidence that Birling has cheated his way to the top because if he doesnt hesitate at attempting to threaten an officer of the law he would have no trouble attempting to corrupt others, for example his rivals. This factor of Birlings personality I dont find admirable, one should not abuse power like this, however it is ironic that by the end of the play Birlings association with the high and mighty is not enough and Birling has to offer the inspector money as a bribe. Birling appears to be well educated particularly near the start of the play when he is lecturing Gerald and Eric. He has many fair opinions on life and although inaccurate, his predictions are well founded. We can assume that Birlings knowledge is what got him to where he is in life at the moment, as a successful business man and a pillar of the community. There is evidence that he had worked his way to the top on page 10 when he says A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own. If my assumption is correct then I find this aspect of Birlings life very admirable, it shows that he is a very hard-working man. However, in the script there are some instances where he has contradicted himself and his inaccurate predictions might be a sign that he is not as intelligent as he would like people to think. For example, when Birling says a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own. He then contradicts this after the inspector has left on page 64 by telling Eric off for standing as if youd nothing to do with the rest of us. Overall though I think that he is well educated and I also admire the way that Birling tries to pass on his knowledge to Gerald and Eric by lecturing them. It is good to share what you have learned. Birling has risen one daughter called Sheila and one younger son called Eric and he is married to Sybil. He treats Sybil with a lot of respect but then Sybil comes from a high class family and Birling has a weakness in this area but I shall discuss this later. Birlings treatment of his children is the opposite. He disregards their comments and opinions on several occasions throughout the play and is constantly talking down to them. This kind of treatment might be acceptable if his children were young but his children are in their twenties, theyre young adults! We have to consider that the social belief at the time was slanted towards the belief that young adults were still children and therefore inferior but this still does not excuse Birling.

Romeo And Juliet, Said To Be One Of The Most Famous Love Stories Of Al

Romeo and Juliet, said to be one of the most famous love stories of all times, is a play anchored on time and fate. Some actions are believed to occur by chance or by destiny. The timing of each action influences the outcome of the play. While some events are of less significance, some are crucial to the development of this tragedy. The substantial events that inspire the conclusion of Romeo and Juliet are; the Capulet ball, the quarrel experienced by Tybalt and Romeo, and Friar John's plague. A servant to Capulet, who is incapable of reading the list of guests, asks for Romeo's assistance. Romeo notices that Rosaline, his lover, is among these names. Benvolio challenges Romeo to compare her with other "beauties." Benvolio predicts, "Compare her face with some that I shall show,/ And I will make thee think thy swan a crow." (I, ii, l 86-87) To show his appreciation, the servant asks for Romeo's presence at the ball. Romeo should have considered the servant's warning; if Romeo occupies the name of Montague, he shall not be permitted. Once at the ball, Romeo is searching for a maiden to substitute the unrequited love of Rosaline. Romeo happens to gaze upon Juliet, who charms Romeo. Romeo proclaims, " Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight!/ For ne'er saw true beauty till this night." (I, v, l 52-53) Since Romeo declares his love for Juliet, she feels the attraction also. They believe that they are in love and must marry. However, it is a genuine coincidence that Rome o and Juliet were at the same place, at the same time. Some days after the ball, Benvolio and Mercutio are conversing, in regard to the quarrelsome weather. Benvolio declares, "The day is hot, the Capulets abroad,/ And if we meet we shall not ?scape a brawl,/ For now these got days is the mad blood stirring." (III, i, l 2-4) At this point, Tybalt, who has challenged Romeo because of his appearance at the masquerade, enters, seeking Romeo. On Romeo's behalf, Mercutio struggles with Tybalt, while Romeo, who is filled with love for his new cousin, tries to end their boldness. Before escaping, Tybalt plunges his sword into Mercutio, causing death to fall upon him. Mercutio blames Romeo and the feud for his fate. Romeo kills Tybalt, who taunts Romeo, upon his return. Romeo fears he will be condemned to death if he does not flee before the arrival of the Prince. Benvolio recalls the events that have happened, with some embellishment. The Prince declares: And for that offence/ Immediately we do exile him hence./ I hav an in your hate's proceeding,/ My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding;/ But I'll amerce you with so strong a fine/ That you shall repent the loss of mine./ I will be deaf to pleading and excuses;/ Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses;/ Therefore use none. Let Romeo hence in haste,/ Else, when he's found, that hour is his last./ Bear hence this body and attend our will./ Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill. (III, i, l 185-195) Due to the disturbance of Verona's street and the losses of Tybalt and Mercutio, the Prince must penalize Romeo. However, the Prince agrees that Romeo was acting in self defense. Juliet, who desires not to wed Paris, asks for Friar Laurence's assistance. The day before the wedding, Juliet is to drink the poison, which will make her appear to be dead. In forty two hours she shall awake, with Romeo by her side. Romeo will then bring her to Mantua with him. In the meantime Friar Laurence will convey a message to Romeo in Mantua, telling him the plot. When she gains consciousness, Romeo and Friar Laurence will be there. Friar Laurence says, "Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,/ And hither shall he come; and he and I/ Will watch thy waking" (IV, i, l 114-116) Following Juliet's intake of the poison, Romeo is anticipating news from Verona. Balthasar, a servant to Romeo, tells Romeo that Juliet has passed on. Romeo, who is told there are no letters from the friar, seeks a way to accomplish his suicide. Meanwhile, Friar Laurence, confronts Friar

Mideival Cooking essays

Mideival Cooking essays Cooking in the medieval times was performed on very big scale, and food was cheap and plentiful. Foreign goods had to be bought at the nearest large town. Food trade was a primary business. It was also a way of determining class. The nobles would eat meat, white bread, pastries, and drink wine. This sort of diet caused many health problems, such as skin troubles, digestive disorders, infections from decomposed proteins, scurvy, and tooth decay. A peasant would eat porridge, turnips, dark bread, and in the north they would drink beer or ale. Women were the expert cooks, and they seasoned their food heavily with pepper, cloves, garlic, cinnamon, vinegar, and wine. They paid close attention to the appearance of their meal. For instance, they might spread the feathers of a peacock that they are serving. Also, if a the eggs of a batter didnt make it yellow enough, they would add saffron (saffron is orange of yellow powder obtained from the stigmas of the saffron flower). Meat was expensive, so it was considered a luxury. This made butchers prosperous. The most common and least expensive was sheep. They would also eat birds: gulls, herons, storks, swans, cranes, cormorants, and vultures, just to name a few. Animals were cut up immediately after killing and salted to be preserved. Most meat was boiled because it the animals were wild, and the meat was sure to be tough. Also, almonds were often cooked with the meat for flavor. Fish was also popular. Part of this was because the church required that you eat fish on Fridays. Fish was often cooked in ale. People spent more on bread and grain then anything else, even though England had a national bread tax, which fixed the price of bread. Pastries were expensive because sugar was an import. Because medical opinion advised that fruit shouldnt be eaten raw, it was preserved in honey and cooked into pastries. Almonds were often cooked into pastries as well. Fruit was more wild back ...

How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird

How to write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Analytical Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Outline example Tips on how to write a thesis statement How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing Analytical essay revision Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Why write an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Students undertaking literature courses often analyze various kinds of literature as part of their coursework. An analytical essay requires students to review and critically analyze a written work. The story To Kill a Mockingbird is an example of several kinds of literature that depicts how discrimination affected many families living in the southern parts of the US during the 1930s. The story highlights how different characters undergo significant changes despite living in an environment where discrimination was widely practiced. Harper Lee book, To Kill A Mockingbird, presents the theme of courage using a small family living in Maycomb county to depict courage in their fight against racial discrimination. How to start an analytical essay: Tips on how to start Analytical essays help the target audience understand the overall composition of the story by scrutinizing the literature including the characters. An analytical essay is divided into different sections to provide evidence about the authors perspective based on his understanding of the text. A good analytical essay needs to capture the audience interest; the author should use startling statements. Some background information related to the theme should be presented to help the audience understand the authors area of focus. A good analytical essay presents a critical review, including artistic styles used by the author to present the theme. It is important to identify which section of the book is to be analyzed and also the significance of the theme according to the original author. Outline example of analytical essay INTRODUCTION Explain the significance of the book A brief background of the theme and how the background connects to the theme BODY PARAGRAPHS Describe the specific elements used by the author to advance his theme in the story Present examples to justify the authors’ choice of element Describe the role of the main characters and how the characters enhances the plot Describe the authors strengths and weaknesses CONCLUSION Review the book and justify the significance of the book Some of the lessons learned from the story How to write a thesis for an analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird The thesis statement states the main ideas of an essay. A thesis statement is what the author wants to justify. For example, a good thesis statement for an analytical essay about To Kill A Mockingbird, with the central idea of courage, the thesis statement can be as follows: Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage amidst fear. How to write an introduction A good introduction needs to inform the audience what to expect in the following paragraphs. The first sentence of an essay should be clear and precise. The reader should be able to understand what the author intends to discuss by reading the introduction. Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis The introduction needs to include the original authors name and the main theme; the introduction needs to convey the writers position concerning the original authors ideas. The introduction should indicate the main ideas to be discussed by presenting a thesis statement. An eye-catching introduction will attract the readers attention; therefore, the first few sentences of the introduction should be clear and precise. An analytical essay structure should contain the authors perspective on the subject, the purpose and the target audience as part of the introduction. How to write body paragraphs: Tips on body writing The body paragraphs should expand on the essay introduction by supporting the thesis statement. The body paragraphs have to present evidence to prove the claim by using specific text examples in order to justify the authors position. A five-paragraph analytical essay should contain three major parts, the introduction, essay body and the conclusion. The body paragraphs should contain at least three paragraphs to explain the main essay idea. The body paragraphs should also present a detailed explanation of the authors claims, including the strategies used. When analyzing literature, the author should discuss each chapter or analyze specific sections to present his claims. It is important to describe the rhetorical strategies used and explain if they are effective or not. The analysis needs to provide examples to support the authors position. How to finish an analytical essay: Tips on conclusion writing The conclusion is the last part of an essay that sums up all the argument to remind the reader of the main purpose of the essay. Conclusion means reminding the reader of the discussion. Therefore, the conclusions should contain brief sentences as a summary of what has been discussed. A good conclusion outlines the main issues discussed and linking the discussion to prove the claims made in the thesis statement. A good conclusion needs to connect the main idea with a broader argument or compare the argument using a broader perspective. When concluding an essay, the main focus should be on the discussion presented in the introduction and the essay body. The author should not present any new ideas when concluding. The author needs to discuss his position after the analysis and the implications of his findings. Analytical essay revision After completing the essay draft, it is important to review the essay to make it look professional. The essay needs to be free from any grammatical errors. Revision means checking for proper use of pronouns, subject agreement, proper sentence structure, and punctuations. Ensure that the language is simple; avoid unnecessary words that might confuse the reader. Analytical essay on To Kill a Mockingbird (Sample) Harper Lees story To Kill A Mockingbird presents a realistic story dating back to 1930s that resonate today. The most important theme of the story is about courage. To Kill A Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, talks about a small town in the southern part of the 1930s, focusing on Maycomb county where the struggles of life are evident. Some of the notable characters like Atticus Finch, Jem and Scout present how discrimination affected many people living in the south. Harper explores the moral nature of humans, especially the struggle between discrimination and tolerance. Courage is evident throughout the story; for example, Atticus constant fight against racism and Mrs. Dubose overcoming her addiction to morphine demonstrates courage. The novel reveals not only prejudice but also examines the nature of prejudice and its consequences. The story setting and the period in which the story was written convey the struggles of many characters to fight racial discrimination. This involves the persecution of innocent people, especially during Tom Robinsons trial. Courage is evident in several parts of the book, for instance, the children Jem and Scout stands up to face their fears. Jems and Scouts bravery is noticeable in one of the scenes where they follow Atticus Finch in court during the rape trials to witness how he defends Tom Robinson. Scout displays heroism when addressing Walter Cunningham without fearing any repercussions of his actions. To Kill A Mockingbird proves how several characters had hope and courage amid rampant discrimination; they overcome fear to defend their position in the society. The novel shows the reader how courage can impact on others.

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs - Essay Example In order to halt the burgeoning economic, safety, and health issues related to these illicit substances, policymakers must address many issues including creating community-based prevention programs for youth and allocating funds for better access to drug rehabilitation programs (National Drug Control Strategy, 2011). Background In Alaska, drug use, and distribution is a massive problem and burden that affects the individual, communities, and the entire state. Illicit drug use is higher among Alaska natives than any other ethnic group (Young & Joe, 2009). In addition, Alaska natives have the greatest rates of use for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, and nonmedical use of psychotherapeutics (Young & Joe, 2009). According to the National Drug Control Strategy (2011) budget summary for the last fiscal year, the hindrance of drug use and its consequences contributes approximately $32 billion dollars in medical costs per year. Social Factors The entire United States is affecte d by illicit substance abuse. The impact of losing a loved one due to an overdose of illegal drug use is a paramount issue that cannot be qualified by any outside source. The youth of our nation is affected as well as their families. The National Youth Behavior Risk Survey (2011) for the years of 2009 – 2011 indicates that students in high school grades nine through twelve reported either an increase in incidence or no change for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, and/or methamphetamine use (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Citizens of the entire nation are also affected by the crime that is created by means to obtain illicit substances; an average of 71% of males arrested in 10 metropolitan areas in 2011 tested positive for an illegal substance at the time they were taken into custody (Tombak, 2012). Economic Factors The problem of the use of illicit drugs in the United States and the trafficking of illegal drugs cost the nation billions of dollar s each year. Densely (2010) notes that the United States losses as much as $110bn on illicit drugs alone for each year. This loss comes about through a lot of avenues. In the first place, millions of dollars are spent on control and prevention programs that aim at ensuring that people in the country do not fall prey to a very dangerous act of dealing with or using illicit drugs. The control and prevention programs take several forms including strategic campaigns and law enforcement programs. Because there are specially designated agencies who are supposed to be responsible for the control and prevention of illicit drug use, special allocations are made for them in each year’s budget and this is the source of the huge cost involved (Weiler, 2004). Apart from the cost of control and prevention programs, huge liability is incurred by the nation through the cost of managing affected persons who have suffered the consequences of illicit drug use (Davis-Floyd, 2001). This is becaus e special budgetary allocation is provided for people in rehabilitation homes and other healthcare facilities who receive treatment for various forms of illicit drug use side effects. What is most disturbing is that because such people are often neglected by their families, the government is always forced to bear all the cost and this possesses a serious economic challenge for the nation.

Women on US Navy Submarines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women on US Navy Submarines - Essay Example As people evolve and change, these roles can also adapt and change with the culture of the people. There are basic physical difference between men and women, but socially and mentally, these differences should not effect how we one sex acts or is thought to act one way or another. However, with this being said, the recent battle over women working on submarines has stirred quite a controversy again over the age old fight between man and woman. Who should decide where the line between equality and too much is drawn And if a woman cannot do the job as well as a man, should she still be allowed to do it simply for the face of equality "The US Navy argues it would cost $300,000 per bunk to permit women to serve on submarines", but yet even simply economics can't stop people from arguing for women onboard subs (Submarine) Defense experts have also quoted the numbers as much as "4 Million Each" to make the repairs needed for the subs( Dougherty). The fact is simple and clear however when it comes to women working on submarines. Due to the myriad of problems that arise with women onboard a submarine, it is simply not fair to the safety of our nation to admit women aboard submarines, even if it is in the name of "equality". "Women on subs is a terrible idea. The Navy's highest-ranking admirals are strongly opposed" speaks Phyllis Schlarfly ( Schlafly ). Schlarfly goes on to explain the tight living quarters in the subs, and how life is no walk in the park down there, and room is already cramped. He explains that "The ship alterations necessary to accommodate women on subs would further reduce living standards or, alternatively, make it necessary to remove operational equipment. These millions of dollars would be spent just to please the civilian feminists in the Pentagon, not to improve readiness or morale" (Schlafly). Simply stated, the simply physical limitations of the subs could not withstand the addition of women on board, let alone would it be able to make enough room for them and the ample technology that is needed on board as well. We could have women on our subs, but at the expense of having less well armed submarines and sub-par technology on board. And I don't think that it is a risk we shou ld be willing to take. Another columnist Michael DiMercurio added his expertise to the matter stating that "After arriving at the Academy, it was clear to see that the women had lower physical standards, which seemed absurd when we were preparing for combat. At an institution where the unofficial motto was, "if the minimum weren't good enough, it wouldn't be the minimum," suddenly there was a special exception for girls - a shorter wall on the obstacle course, longer time to run the mile, fewer chinups. It might sound petty, but back then these were the things that defined the difference between passing and being kicked out of the Academy. In 1976, we woke up one morning to find that the women's lower obstacle course wall had been painted hot pink, with a "Woman Power" fist superimposed. The culprits of that "recon raid" were never brought to justice" (DiMercurio). And while DiMecrurio concludes that he felt women should be allowed in, I believe his tales at the Academy show that women simply do not have the same physical make up that men do, and are thus less prepared for combat intensive situations like submarines. Would we let a sub-par man work our subs Of course we wouldn't, but we would let a women get in at lower standard levels

Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde Essay How do you think that Stevenson wishes us to judge Dr Jekylls experiments concerning Mr Hyde? I think that Stevenson wants the reader to feel that Jekyll gets what he deserves for releasing Hyde. Although I think that this is his overall intention, he gives Jekylls own justification for it, which dampens the blame from him slightly. However, the justification, when looked at more deeply, conveys another message from Stevenson, that Jekyll knows what he is doing and therefore commits a crime in releasing Hyde. Stevenson shows his feelings about Hyde and about Jekylls guilt by lavishing Hyde with horrible descriptions. These fall into four main categories, the darkness, the evil, the animal, and peoples reaction to Hyde. Firstly, whenever Hyde appears, it is always night or twilight showing that there is something dark and mysterious about him. Hydes eyes have a blackness in them which terrifies people. There are several references to fire and hell, suggesting that Hyde is a daemon, that has been released from hell. He is actually called, the child of hell meaning he is pure evil. Also, the fires can be interpreted as trying to ward off evil spirits, such as Hyde. Hydes soul is described as foul, and his character callous and violent. He is described as having Satans signature upon him, as if he has been made by the devil and sent up from hell. Hyde is also frequently compared to an animal. When people talk to Hyde he is savage like a wild animal and has a habit of hissing like a serpent. He is often replaced with it, suggesting that Hyde is an animal. Several times Hyde is actually referred to as the creature and his fury being ape-like. There is something primitive about him, something troglodytic. In even greater amounts, perhaps, are the reactions that people have when they come face to face with Hyde, and even from a distance. Every single person that has met him feels loathing and fear, and in some cases, a desire to kill, most people feel a simple hatred of him, yet none of them know why. The extent of this feeling is described as hitherto unknown disgust- absolutely appalling revulsion to him. There is something about Hyde that is not visible, that makes people react like this, described as the radiance of a foul soul. Many people search for a deformity in Hyde that is making them feel this way but fail to find it. Hyde has this aura of repulsion around him that makes any decent person draw back from him. When he touches Lanyons arm. Lanyon feels an icy pang that goes up his spine. Obviously, this is the height of Hydes effect, that when you touch him you shiver with discomfort. Perhaps the most startling aspect of Hyde is that when Jekyll showed Lanyon that he is, in fact, Hyde, Lanyon is so sickened by the thought of it that he becomes ill and dies in a few weeks. This shows absolutely that Jekyll does a terrible thing in unleashing Hyde, and actually telling somebody caused them to die, and Lanyon is one of Jekylls closest friends. These images are put into the story frequently, and the effect of this is to make the reader feel that Jekyll has released a being so foul that he deserves whatever punishment he got. And still Stevenson piles it on. He goes into horrific detail about Hyde brutally murdering Sir Danvers Carew, this is clear evidence that he wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his own experiments. Stevensons description of the murder is really over the top, it starts off with Hyde having an ill-contained impatience. Sir Danvers Carew is merely inquiring his way to Hyde when he broke out with a great flame of anger. Sir Danvers Carew is surprised by Hydes reaction and took a step back. At that moment though, Hyde snapped, he broke all bounds and starts trampling on him. With his stick he is hailing down a storm of blows, and Sir Danvers Carews bones are audibly shattered. Hyde then runs away, leaving the body incredibly mangled in the middle of the road. Hyde makes no attempt to conceal it, and the horrific details of the murder can only mean the Stevenson wishes us to judge Jekyll as responsible for such a crime. Even there Stevenson does not stop putting on more and more emphasis on the utterly diabolical nature of Hyde. In Dr Jekylls full statement of the case, he states that Hyde gets delight from every blow and runs away, gloating over his crime. Jekyll uses the word I, which is another of Stevensons ways of showing that he wishes us to think that Jekyll is directly responsible. In Jekylls justification of his actions, he mentions that he enjoyed the freedom that Hyde gave him. He fulfilled his pleasures (which are unspecified), and soon the pleasures turned from undignified to monstrous. When Jekyll remembered what he had done whilst in Hydes body he is aghast at himself. He refers to Hyde as me therefore showing that he is responsible because he did it. Jekyll became careless, and thought that nobody would trace him under his impenetrable mantle. Jekyll also tries to cover up Hydes activities by giving to charities and balancing it out. These two statements suggest that Jekyll knew that he is responsible because he is thinking about the possibility of him being caught. Jekyll also felt pity for Hyde, suggesting that he is not at all innocent. Jekyll pays for his crimes heavily though, and this is one of the very few times in the story when Stevenson releases Jekyll from the blame. Jekyll is put to considerable expense to pay for Hydes actions. When he tramples over the girl, he is forced to pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 to her parents. Not to mention the fact that he loses one of his closest friends by telling him and ends up committing suicide to pay for it. But I think that Stevenson wishes us to view even these with severity; firstly, Jekyll taunts Lanyon by bribing him with, power and knowledge, in such a way that Lanyon cannot have refused to know what Hydes secret is. On telling Lanyon, Lanyon dies. Jekyll wants to tell him about his experiments, he wanted to show off, and he insults Lanyon by referring to himself as his superior. Jekyll obviously enjoys being Hyde, because he suffers a horrible pain when he transforms into him, and would not bother to do it if he wanted to. Sometimes, Jekyll has to triple the dosage in order to transform, something that he wouldnt do unless he is willing to risk his life to transform. In conclusion, I think that judging from the amount of description that has been put into the Hyde, and the number of references to his joy at being evil, that it is fair to say that Stevenson wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his experiments and that he pays the price for it with his death.

The Concept Of Power In Politics Essay examples -- essays research pap

The Meaning of Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The instrumental character of power is that of a â€Å"means to an end.† It includes the tools, resources, and abilities used to pursue goals. The meaning of power and its role in politics is understood first with a background of its dual nature. De jure refers to the theory of power. The concept of â€Å"absolute power,† considers tangible factors. When comparing nations’ power, money and gross national product are units of measure; the United States is more powerful than Mexico. Army size and strength are also measurable. World powers, such as the U.S., Britain, and Japan, defeat countries with smaller, weaker armies. From an objective standpoint, tangible assets make a country a world power. But world powers and their leaders also possess intangible qualities. De facto is the subjective aspect of power that is immeasurable. Charisma, such as that of Mahatma Ghandi and Martin Luther King, could not be described, but made them successful leaders. The â€Å"will to win† or morale of people, especially athletes, is power. De facto power is continually changing because of the relative character of power, to time, situation, and contending parties. When power is applied in interaction with contending parties, the situational factors of power and politics come into play. Power is initially proven in a political situation through credibility. The opposing party’s belief that you have power and will use it makes them take you seriously. I...

Physics Pendulum Lab

Katherine Unman Introduction/Purpose: Pendulums serve a huge purpose that are often overseen by many due to technological advancements being made In the everyday world. A simple pendulum consists of a small object (the â€Å"bob†) suspended by a lightweight cord. The mass oft he pendulum is actually only the mass of the bob; the mass of the string is not included. The period of a pendulum is the amount of time for the bob to complete exactly one cycle or oscillation back and forth.The length of the pendulum extends from the attached end of the string to the center of mass of the bob. The original aim for this investigation was to â€Å"Investigate the simple pendulum†. There are many variables on could look Into, such as displacement, angle, damping, mass of the bob etc. The most Interesting variable, however, Is the length of the swinging pendulum. The relations p between the length and the time for one swing (the period) has been researched for many centuries, and has allowed famous physicists like Isaac Newton and GalileoGalilee to obtain an accurate value for the gravitational force acting on it, â€Å"g†. Len this simple investigation, we performed two activities to visually observe what affects the period off pendulum, mass or the length of the string. Hypothesis: With our previous knowledge of pendulums and the forces acting on a pendulum, we hypothesized that the length of the string along with gravity would affect the period a ND the mass of the bob would not. Materials: In order to complete a successful Investigation, numerous supplies were needed.Without these materials, our observations would not have been as accurate. The mat aerials we used are: 1. Meter stick 2. Stopwatch 3. Pieces of string, 3 of the same length, and one off different length 4. Washers 5. A partner 6. Pen/pencil Procedure: When effectively Investigating what affects the period of a pendulum, some simple ye vital steps are necessary to follow. In this experim ent, two activities were performed t hat share a set of Instructions. These were: 1. Gather all the materials

Little Miss Sunshine Movie Essay

Little Miss Sunshine In the film, â€Å"Little Miss Sunshine† an extraordinary family explores many obstacles that troubles their way to their journey to Olive's (daughter) beauty pageant. Along the way the family learns to love, care and support each other. Little Miss Sunshine illustrated that love can be expressed through different forms. Firstly, the movie illustrated how the value of family is very important. The family uses everyone's strengths to support each other. During the movie, many challenges such as the unreliable VW bus and sneaking grandpa out of the hospital required the whole family to work together to accomplish a common goal.The Hoover family valued the family as a whole and would not leave anyone behind. An example is when they left Olive at the gas station and then came back to pick her up. Even though, Sheryl and Richard may have had some arguments,sometimes arguments can be used to strengthen a relationship. In Little Miss Sunshine, grandpa may seem fo ul-mouthed ,grouchy and rude but he still exhibits a caring side. When his son Richard is at the point of bankruptcy, grandpa goes to the front of the van to give Richard his support. Grandpa says a few words of encouragement and sincerely looks him in the eye.I believe that even though every family may encounter many problems, we grow stronger because of the bonds we make. I believe that the Hoover family valued their family by providing unconditional love and support, not leaving anyone behind and when Richard chose to trust Olive, when she said she'll win the pageant. Secondly, in Little Miss Sunshine the family provides many functions for one another. One of the functions they provide for one another is support. An example is, when Olive was about to perform her dance.When she was just about to go on stage both Dwain and Richard tried to stop Olive because they were afraid she was not good enough against the other girls. However, Sheryl( mother) argued that if Olive wanted to pe rform on stage,it was up to her and was ultimately her decision whether to perform or not. In the end, Olive decided to perform and made a fool out of herself, However her whole family came up on stage to support her. At that moment, the family did not care about anything else, except for Olive's happiness. Thirdly, in the movie the family provided love as another function for one another.An example is when Dwain realized that he might be colorblind when Olive tested his color vision. Dwain was mad, frustrated and out of control because his dream of becoming a fighter pilot was not possible now. In order to become a fighter pilot, Dwain needed good vision, including color vision. Dwain started kicking the van and soon the whole family gave Dwain some time to settle down. After a few minutes, Olive came over to offer her support (hugs) Dwain. He soon calms down and apologized for his actions and rude comments about the family. The family then resumed their journey to Olive's pageant. This scene demonstrated love because everyone in the family cared about Dwain's dream of becoming a fighter pilot, they knew exactly how he felt and how it must have hurt knowing that his dream was crushed, just like that. In the movie, a simple hug from Olive showed how love never fails. Lastly, I believe that a family doesn't need to be normal to function. It takes love , affection and support in order for a family to function. In the movie, love was present but expressed differently. An example would be when grandpa passed away, Sheryl told the family that no matter what happens she will still love each and everyone in the family.The father on the other hand, who is obsessed with the â€Å"9 steps to winning† program still loves Olive for who she is, even though in the end she didn't win the pageant. Support strengthens the family bond, love never fails and affection provides a lovable environment. Little Miss Sunshine illustrated how there are different families in societ y, but it doesn't necessarily take a normal family to function properly. Throughout this journey, the Hoover family learned to trust each other, to persevere through the difficult times and to always hope for the best.

Internet addiction among college students

Internet addiction among college students Problem description With the advent of the internet, the process of communication and social networking underwent major changes. It became much easier for individuals to link up with each other both by text chatting and by audiovisual ways. Social networking websites such as Facebook came up to help individuals trace and regain contact with friends with whom they had lost contact.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has been described as a basic directory on the internet which had originally been designed to help college students connect with each other via various social networks established in their respective schools (Baron, 2009). Since its inception over six years ago, the site has spread rapidly to a point where it can boast of over thirty million users spread over different walks of life. Unfortunately, Facebook was designed in su ch a way that it requires individuals to constantly log in to their accounts in order to check whether they have received messages or establish new friendships by responding to friend requests (Cohen, 2009). Facebook in particular has received a lot of following particularly from young adults especially since it provides a platform for creating social groups among individuals irrespective of the distance between them. As it is, this networking site has led to some form of addiction with college students dedicating a lot of their time on the site chatting and viewing friends’ photos. The situation has become so critical that various health care professionals have launched investigations into the medical problems associated with the Facebook addiction. Research into the problem A recent research conducted at the school of medicine in Stanford University came to the conclusion than one out of every American citizens exhibited symptoms internet addiction and that the treatment of such addiction was no different than the treatment of drug junkies (Hayes, 2010). The head of the study Dr. Elias Aboujaoude described the internet addiction as one that causes the patient to always want to get online even when they are not particularly looking for anything (Dickey, 2007). This was well equated with the impulsive drive to partake in an a pleasurable activity associated with drug and hard drug addiction.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like with other forms of addiction, internet/Facebook addiction also leads to problems at both a personal and professional level. This brings about challenges that can negatively intrude in a person’s life. According to Dr. David Greenfield of the Center for internet studies, students have come to testify that they tend to spend a lot of time on Facebook at the expense of their studies. It however has not been establis hed whether such an addiction is a medical problem on its own or it is a manifestation of indwelling psychological challenges such as depression (Fenichel, 2009). One study trying to establish the impact of Facebook addiction on the performance of college going students surveyed a total of 217 students from a United States college. Individuals were subjected to both open and closed question and answer sessions (Fenichel, 2009).. It was concluded that individuals who regularly spent time on Facebook performed poorly in school. The research also established that individuals who did not use Facebook regularly dedicated more time to working for pay as their counterparts spent time engaging in extracurricular activities. Most of the regular Facebook users believed that the habit did not have a genuine negative effect on their lives. this was the position even with most of them confessing to having developed time management challenges as a result of spending a lot of time on Facebook (Dic key, 2007). Facebook addiction can be described by a number of symptoms including the constant urge to get online , dedicating very many hours to chatting and going through people’s profiles on Facebook, unending talks about knowledge acquired from Facebook, giving up important activities in order to spend time on Facebook as well as the continual resignation to Facebook temptations even when it is clear that this is problematic (Hayes, 2010). According to netaddiction.com females are more likely to be addicted to Facebook’s chatting application and this leads them to develop conditions such as insomnia and depression associated to large amounts of time spent in this activity. How companies and educational facilities are dealing with the issue Companies and educational facilities have come to point out Facebook addiction as a serious threat to performance in their institutions. This is because of the negative effect of procrastination that regular Facebook usage can le ad to. As such usage of the networking site has been banned in many enterprises. To ensure that workers and students don’t fall to the temptation, various firewall software have been used to block access to the website (Baron, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some institutions have even made it a point to note in their company laws that Facebook access during office hours is an offence that could lead to job termination. Scholars have however suggested that this type of ban could in the long-run be detrimental to the general growth of companies mainly because it has been established that many clients turn to Facebook when looking for bargains on products or service provision experts. Summary and recommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, F acebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condition, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advisable that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. Method used in conducting the research The research was primarily based on secondary data. Data was extracted from various journals, articles on the internet. The criteria of selection for the literature was the relevance to the research topic as well as the year of publication. Both public and private online libraries were visited to access the data. Facebook problem being a modern day challenge could not be effectively analysed without obtaining information from real case scenarios. Various college and work environments were studied to find out how the issue is being dealt with. This definitely made for some interesting research and it effectively came round to form the back-born of the r eport.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was very crucial information that made the research report appeal to both professionals and the general public. For the latter, it may require that some of the information collected be broken down into simple language and at the same time illustrations drawn from the common and familiar situations to further explain the case. Empirical data was collected from recent studies and numbers and figures used to show the illustrate the seriousness of the situation. Like with any other professional field of study, institution management research has to be conducted in such a way that the offer credibility to the practitioner. In such a field, the strength of any report lies in the figures provided to support theoretical data and particularly the numbers obtained from real life scenarios to support collected evidence. With this knowledge in mind, effort was made to obtain relevant information to the particular topic in question and this was accompanied by proper citations. Summary and r ecommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, Facebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condiction, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advis able that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. It is also recommended that the college invests in provision of time management sessions to students with the aim of instilling a culture of discipline amongst the students. This is in appreciation of the fact that at the end of the day, an individual can give up an addiction as long as he/she is committed to dropping the habit. Reference List Baron, D. (2009). Internet addiction: deadly pathology or just a nice substitute for TV? Retrieved from https://illinois.edu/db/view/25/6994 Cohen, E. (2009). Five clues that you are addicted to Facebook. Retrieved fro m http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/23/ep.facebook.addict/index.html Dickey, M. (2007). New internet danger: Unhealthy obsession (2/07). Retrieved from thelowell.org/opinion/35-oped/2061-new-internet-danger-unhealthy-obsession-207 Fenichel, M. (2009). Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD). Retrieved from fenichel.com/facebook/ Hayes, C. (2010). Irish politician believes Facebook addiction causes mental health issues. Retrieved from irishcentral.com/advice/Irish-politician-believes-Facebook-addiction-causes-mental-health-issues-95262589.html

Case study garuda indonesia

Mr. Mohammad Soeparno, President Director of Garuda Indonesia Airways III. Major Policy Statement Garuda Indonesia Airways, the largest airline in the Southern Hemisphere, is a provider of air transportation and a guarantor of quality service that supports the success of the development of transportation and tourism, aiming to be one of the world’s top airlines in the year 2000. IV. Current Operational Plans Management 1. The management made an assessment of the company’s strengths and weaknesses relative to the environmental opportunities and threats. In order to respond to the increasing uncertainty in the environment in which Garuda operates, the management found it necessary to adopt a â€Å"strategic thinking† in making plans to reach the following goals: 1. To be one of the world’s top 10; 2. to give excellent service; to be more professional in commercial air transportation; and 4. To increase finance condition by reaching 5% profit before tax. 2. Panca Program – five point programs in order to reach their objectives. Panca Program contained the following elements: 1. To increase fleet utilization; 2. To improve employees’ welfare; 3. To improve service; 4. To implement the national civil aviation policy as decreed by the Minister of Communication; and 5. To boost tourism. 3. In 1985, Garuda introduced service to the U. S. under an interchange agreement with Continental Airlines of the U. S but Garuda’s interchange agreement with Continental also came to an end in 1986. This gave rise to the involvement of two or more airlines in the same flight serving a particular route. The airlines involved share of the revenues, the costs, or the profit generated by the joint service. 4. Garuda’s â€Å"strife doctrine† which means consistent in reaching â€Å"national objectives. † 5. Garuda Indonesia was classified as a PT (PERSERO) issued by the government of Indonesia, Garuda assumed a dual role as â€Å"agent of development† and as a â€Å"profit-seeking† enterprise. Marketing 1. To promote Garuda’s â€Å"Executive Class,† Garuda ran full-page color advertisements in overseas business newspapers and magazine featuring photography of different but equally satisfied-looking business passengers (all Caucasians), complete with their identification and testimonials. 2. Garuda’s advertising looked much more aggressive than ever before. Garuda also ran a series of advertisements capitalizing the new livery. The introduction of the new convenience in purchasing Garuda tickets using American Express cards in November 1986 was also widely advertised. When a passenger subsequently wished to pay with an American Express card, however, the girl at Garuda sales counter at Soekarno-Hatta airport in Jakarta succeeded to discourage the use of the credit card. Another series of advertisement appeared to promote international cargo service, apparently to show the company’s support to the government’s campaign to boost Indonesia’s non-oil exports. 3. The logo of Garuda Indonesia Airways was changed. The new logo used â€Å"Garuda Indonesia† instead of â€Å"Garuda Indonesia Airways† and the whole livery from red-and-white dominated colors to different shades of blue. Garuda, the bird carrying the God Vishnu in the Hindu mythology, was made to look more like the exotic bird of paradise in the new logo. The passengers were pleasantly surprised by the cleaner appearance of the aircraft’s exterior interior which came about from the re-painting and from changing the upholstery. 4. Garuda’s souvenirs for first class and business class were better designed and there was already and expanded wine list on Garuda’s international flights. 5. To help promote tourism, Garuda introduced â€Å"Visit Indonesia Air Pass† under 3 different packages. The 5-city package cost 300 US Dollars, the 10-city package cost 400 US Dollars, and 35-city package cost 500 US Dollars. Eligibility was restricted to foreign nationals and the purchase must be made outside of Asia with the exception of Japan. Holiday packages inclusive of accommodation, transfers, tours, or meals were also available. 6. Garuda has sales channels distributed to big and potential cities. Finance 1. Mr. Wiweko Supono’s (former President Director of Garuda before Mr. Lumenta) management reported a net loss of 46 million US Dollars for the year ended December 1983, and when replaced by Mr. Lumenta, it’s management inherited foreign debts amounting close to 1.3 billion US Dollars at 12% interest per annum and in the words of then Commercial Director of that time, Mr. Soeparno, â€Å"a weak system in every aspect. † 2. The construction cost of the training center for Garuda’s Human Resource Development reported by the company was 31 billion rupiah. Twelve months later, Garuda signed a purchase contract for a DC-19 simulator costing 11. 5 million US Dollars finance d through an EXIM Bank soft loan. Operations 1. Garuda’s business class was given a new emphasis to attract more passengers paying the full fare. It has been promoted as â€Å"Executive Class† and it has become the premiere class on flights aboard the Airbus A-300 and the DC-9. Garuda has even relocated the business-class section on its Boeing-747 flights from the small upper deck to the more spacious main deck in front normally reserved for first-class passengers. The first-class section has since occupied the upper deck. 2. There was a resumption of serving snacks and soft drinks on Garuda’s short domestic flights to give the passengers a bit of refreshment and because of this, instead of 30 more passengers, Garuda managed to attract about 200, luring them from its domestic competitors. 3. To further improve Garuda’s service to its passengers flying from overseas on the big Boeing 747 bound for Bali, Garuda introduced in-flight immigration inspection on its Tokyo-Jakarta-Bali flights. The priority was given to Bali-bound flights because the terminal building at the airport in Denpasar, Bali was too small to give shelter to the hundreds of arriving passengers queuing for immigration clearance. 4. For Garuda’s improvement of their fleet deployment, Garuda added new routes and increased frequently on the existing ones. In 1985, Garuda introduced service to the U. S.under an interchange agreement with Continental Airlines of the U. S. A Garuda DC-10 was used for the operation and Garuda’s crew flew the plane between Jakarta and Guam via Bali and Biak in Irian Jaya. Then, in Guam Continental’s crew took over the plane for the continuation of the journey to Los Angeles via Honolulu. Aircraft deployment was further increased by leasing another o f Garuda’s DC-19 to Continental. Garuda’s interchange agreement with Continental came to an end in 1986 and instead, Garuda began serving Guam from Jakarta via Bali and Manado once a week flying a DC-10. Joint operations with other airlines were subsequently introduced to include Singapore-Bali with Singapore Airlines (twice weekly), Kuala Lumpur-Bali with Malaysian Airlines (twice weekly), Hong Kong-Bali with Cathay Pacific (twice weekly), and Manila-Jakarta with Philippines Airlines (twice weekly). 5. Garuda added a new service from Jakarta to Frankfurt, giving the airline 8 flights a week from Jakarta. Two years later the number increased to 10. In addition, Garuda introduced once a week service from Bali to Amsterdam as a joint operation with K. L. M.and from Bali to Frankfurt, giving the airline a total of 12 Boeing-747 flights a week from Indonesia to Europe by the end of 1987. Although the past management under Mr. Lumenta hardly added new destinations in the Middle East, Asia and Australia, they did add capacity to the existing routes by either increasing frequency or using a larger aircraft, or a combination thereof. Garuda did not add capacity significantly in its domestic operation linking 35 cities. Mr. Soeparno explained that such policy decision was intentional in view of the limited growth opportunities in the domestic market since the crash of oil boom. Human Resources 1. The salaries of Garuda’s flight personnel were increased by 60% to 70%, the purpose of this decision was to give moral support to the troops. The staffs were changed, with high spirit. Morale was improved and with it so as service. 2. Garuda has brought on their flights Indonesian immigration officers and Japanese stewardess in addition to their regular cabin crew on their introduction of in-flight immigration inspection on its Tokyo-Jakarta-Bali flights. 3. Human resource development received new emphasis. A state-of-the-art training center on 64 hectares of land near the international airport of Jakarta was opened in November 1986. Among the facilities available were a B-747 simulator, and 2 mock-up cabins. Garuda had on its payroll 600 pilots, 1,500 cabin attendants, and 700 maintenance mechanics. V. Statement of the Problem How will Mr Mohammad Soeparno implement a better system improvement and enhance Garuda Indonesia Airways’ ability to deal with the challenges it may face and during his term and beyond? VI. Statement of Objectives Short term 1. To give excellent air transportation service and increase fleet utilization. 2. To continue its international flights as long as it does not interfere with the efforts to increase domestic schedules. 3. To increase finance condition by reaching 5% profit before tax. Long term 1. To make Garuda Indonesian Airways be one of the world’s top 10 airlines. 2. To be able to recover all the net losses and debts inherited from the past administrations. 3. To be more competitive internationally. VII. SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. Garuda Indonesia monopolizes the use of jets. 2. Garuda has many kinds of aircrafts to be used according demand, landing trip condition, distance and flight operation. 3. Garuda has an Indonesian graphic situation which needs air transportation. 4. It has product line: First Executive or Business, Economy Classes; so that customers are given alternatives to choose their class flights. 5. It has product diversifications: caterings, hotels. These products support the main product, that is, the airline service. 6. It has sales channels distributed to big and potential cities. 7. Indonesia’s â€Å"National Resources† which support business/non-business activities in Indonesia. 8. Strife doctrine which means consistent in reaching â€Å"National Objectives. † Weaknesses 1. Systems in all aspects: sales preparation, flight, supervisory. 2. The quality of pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight services which are still low. 3. The biggest international segment is low yield. 4. Spare parts and other aircraft equipment are still imported; this needs longer time. 5. The company’s organization is still unsteady. This situation makes organizational behaviour incompetent in supporting the company. Opportunities 1. Political will of the government in tourism. 2. The still-abundant-available seat capacity. 3. Government Regulation on Tariff. 4. The strengthening currency of the countries from where tourists come to Indonesia. 5. The better condition of the world’s economy. 6. The progress in business climate in Indonesia. Threats 1. Protectionism from certain countries, especially in traffic rights. 2. The development of other means of transportation, especially for near-distance transportation. 3. The uncertain economic situation. 4. Technology development in aircraft manufacture. As the result of this development, the old aircrafts are no longer economical enough to be marketed. 5. The bureaucracy which still caused problems in managing company professionalism. VIII. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Mr Mohammad Soeparno could continue the successful policies of Mr. Lumenta, the former President Director of Garuda Indonesia Airways. 2. Mr Mohammad Soeparno could make his own set of policies based on his abilities and what he thinks is the better way, with the help of his own management team. 3. Mr. Mohammad Soeparno could IX. Analysis of Alternatives 1. Mr Mohammad Soeparno could enhance Garuda Indonesia Airways’ ability to deal with the challenges it may face during his term and beyond by continuing the successful policies of Mr. Lumenta, the former President Director of Garuda Indonesia. Airways. Advantage: Under Mr. Lumenta’s management, Mr. Soeparno was thereof very pleased to see the company making a profit for the first time in more than a decade, to the tune of a modest rupiah 300 million. This result confirmed Mr. Soeparno’s confidence in the effectiveness of the policies adopted by Mr. Lumenta upon the latter’s appointment as President Director of Garuda in 1984. Mr. Soeparno as the President Director of Garuda could continue all of these and at the same time set all of his new policies that could go into the current policies. It would be safe if Mr. Lumenta use all the current policies that made Garuda successful. It doesn’t mean that if the leader has changed, the policies will also follow especially if the policies of the last leadership were good enough or the best way the company had to be successful. He may just continue some, change some and add some. Disadvantage: The disadvantage of this alternative is that all the board of directors, shareholders. Stockholders, employees and everyone under his management may think that Mr. Soeparno cannot manage the airlines in his own way because he would just be doing what Mr. Lumenta have done in his administration. They may lose confidence in him and might pressure Mr. Lumenta to do new set of policies, which may be not good enough for the company. 2. Mr Mohammad Soeparno could make his own set of policies based on his abilities and what he thinks is the better way, with the help of his own management team. Advantage: Mr. Soeparno who is a part of Garuda for a long time already knows the company well. He can see what to do and what not to do so he will be able to set new and better policies for the company. In fact, he was the Commercial Vice President before he was inaugurated as the new President Director. He will not be trusted to be the new President Director if he doesn’t have the ability to make it a better one. Disadvantage: It could be very risky to set new policies again after all of those net losses in the past and it may extinguish the success Garuda is currently experiencing. Setting new policies may involve different kinds of spending Garuda’s money depending on what policy Mr. Soeparno is going to implement. And spending may lead again to net losses especially if this change of policy will not be effective. It is always safe to spend less that spend more if you are still not sure of the outcome a certain action may give. 3. Advantage: Disadvantage: X. Decision Statement Mr Mohammad Soeparno could enhance Garuda Indonesia Airways’ ability to deal with the challenges it may face during his term and beyond by continuing the successful policies of Mr. Lumenta, the former President Director of Garuda Indonesia. This alternative was chosen because Mr. Soeparno being a memberof Mr. Lumenta’s management team for a long time, had the opportunity to involve himself with the management in its efforts to develop and implement new strategies to turn around the airline, which posted a net loss of 7 million US Dollars into profitability. He was thereof very pleased to see the company making a profit for the first time in more than a decade, to the tune of a modest rupiah 300 million. This result confirmed Mr. Soeparno’s confidence in the effectiveness of the policies adopted by Mr. Lumenta upon the latter’s appointment as President Director of Garuda in 1984. Mr. Soeparno as the President Director of Garuda could continue all of these and at the same time set all of his new strategies that could go into the current policies. It could be very risky to set new policies again after all of those successes but of course; Mr. Soeparno can always adjust and change all of these when the situation tells it to do so. Alternatives 2 and 3 were not chosen because XI. Implementation Program Short range 1. Review the policies under Mr. Lumenta’s term and determine which of these would still be fitting and useful under the administration of the new President Director Mr. Soeparno. The policies under Mr. Lumenta’s management may serve as a guide in the present administration to continuously ensure the success of Garuda. 2. Mr. Lumenta should form a reliable and trustworthy management team that will help him execute and monitor the implementation of all the policies in the most effective way. 3. Status quo – Mr. Soeparno could simply do nothing with the existing policies and just let the existing policies be as it is since it has helped a lot in the success of Garuda. Long range 1. If there are policies that should be replaced because it is not fitting and useful in the present time, this is the time that Mr. Soeparno could set his new policies that would be suitable for the current situation. 2. 3. XII. Proposed Operational Plans Management 1. The Panca Program of the past administration was satisfied and it would be better of Mr. Soeparno could make another program that could guide him and Garuda to aim for the best after its recovery. It could be called as, â€Å"A Better Panca Program† or he could change its name. This program may include goals more advanced than the previous Panca Program, example: â€Å"to give a high quality service† or may continue some of its goals like to increase fleet utilization and to help boost tourism. 2. It can also be helpful if they will have more partnerships with different bodies of companies for them to have a lot of associates that may help them in their fleet utilization, publicity, better technology and etc. , it can be like what they have done with having an agreement with Continental Airlines of the U. S. Marketing 1. Garuda was said to have a lack in visibility and it would be better if they will add their publicity through promoting Garuda by having more advertisements, not just in print but it can be in television and radio. They would just have to allot a budget for this and they can do it now especially that they are already recovering. 2. Garuda could add some more promos because most of the tourists and travellers of today are already looking after this. There can be holiday promos, like for Christmas, summer, Valentines and many others. Finance 1. Garuda can have loans with a certain bank, or it is better if they will have a partnership with this bank to help them fund their different activities regarding their system improvement and fleet utilization. But Garuda should always be careful about this because they already have losses and debts in the past year. They can hire better people that would handle their finance department and Mr. Soeparno as well should be very vigilant and watchful in this case so Garuda can be safe and be out of all the losses and debts it may procure if any unfavourable situation happens. Operations 1. Garuda should also concentrate on having a technology enhancement. It is important that they resolve their computerized reservation system because this system is very helpful for passengers because they would not have to go to Garuda personally and they can just do it into their homes and offices. It will be a big help especially now that travellers are always looking after comfort and having transactions at a very low cost. 2. Garuda should also have their aircrafts be at their best condition, always. So they should really allocate money for its maintenance and if possible have their own maintenance for their wide-bodied aircrafts to lessen the cost it procures when it has to be done overseas. Their aircrafts are really important so they should give number 1 priority to this. Human Resources 1. One of Garuda’s goals to improve their employee’s welfare, and as now it is just safe to still continue giving the salary that they are currently having because the past administration just increased it 60% to 70%. Garuda should just concentrate in their human resource development by having continuous trainings for all their employees especially the pilots. XIII. Other Problems and Recommendations Other Problems Recommendations 1. The need for a more thorough maintenance due to the lack of cleanliness habits on the part of the most Indonesian passengers and crews. 1. Garuda should hire a better maintenance service provider that will make sure that Garuda will have better cleanliness habits. 2. Garuda’s competitors were modernizing their fleets at faster rates. 2. Garuda should be able to 3. Failure of Garuda’s computerized reservation system due to frequent electrical power stoppages and poor ground telecommunication lines within Indonesia. 3. Garuda should try to seek help from an expert on this technology and as well from the government regarding the poor ground telecommunication lines. Garuda should also 5. Garuda’s inability to put its hard-fought traffic rights to full utilization. 5. Garuda should stop fighting for its right to have a 6. Overseas maintenance of wide-bodied aircraft poses a high cost at 40 to 50%. 6. XIV. Management Lessons Learned 1. There should be a strong management team that handles the company because this is a 2.

Case Study IVb Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IVb - Case Study Example Unlike consumption, investments are not made from the disposable income and, therefore they are better indicators of economic growth. Indeed, consumption does not have a direct correlation with people’s earnings. This is because people will tend to maintain a stable consumption despite income fluctuations. â€Å"Consumption varies less than GDP because consumption depends on disposable income† (Bade, & Michael, 2002). This indicates that consumption cannot be a better measure for economic growth. Moreover, an extreme economic situation such as booms and recession depends in investment trends (Bade, & Michael, 2002). For instance, the 2001 recession resulted from a decline in investment and not consumption. On the conference Board’s index of leading economic indicators, consumer confidence might affect investment. This is because consumers are fundamentals drivers of the economy. Ideally, consumer confidence affects consumer’s decisions, which in turn determines investment trends and capacity. Consumer confidence also indicates a sustainable investment rate. This is because consumer confidence only occurs in a stable economy (McEachern, 2012). For instance, consumers in the banking sector will be confidence with if the industry has a sustainable investment rate. In such an economy, entry and exit of businesses from a particular economy is minimal. Consequently, the leading economy index would give or gives minimal information on the country’s investment and, therefore not a sufficient