Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays

Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay We all make determinations of changing importance in the workplace every twenty-four hours. so the thought that determination devising can be a instead sophisticated procedure may at first seem unusual. However. surveies have shown that a big per centum of people are much poorer at determination doing than they think. An apprehension of what determination doing involves. together with an effectual techniques. will assist bring forth better determinations. Decision devising is the survey of placing and taking options based on the values and penchants of the determination shaper ( Harris. 1998 ) . Making a determination implies that there are alternate picks to be considered. and in such a instance we want non merely to place as many of these options as possible but to take the 1 that best tantrums with our ends. desires. life style. values. and so on. To make this I will use Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision Making Model and use it to a recent work-related d etermination. I will besides depict how critical thought impacted this determination. The 7 Step Decision MakingModel by Rick Roberts has. you guessed it. seven different stairss. The first measure is to place the determination to be made. Under this measure. one will besides hold to find whether you are doing a pick between two or more options. The following measure is to understand yourself. What skills. involvements. values. and personality do you hold? The 3rd measure is to place the options. What are the current options and are there others available. Step four is to garner information and information. Take a expression at bing resources and place extra information and resources that may be needed. Step five is to measure the options. List the pro’s and con’s of each option. Identify the value and demands that are met by each. Acknowledge any hazards. present and future. involved with each option. The following measure. measure six. is to choose one of the options. If you don’t hold adequate information to choose one of the determinations. so reappraisal or revise one of the above stairss. The concluding measure is to plan a class of action to implement the determination. This 7 Step Decision-Making Model helped me with a recent determination that needed to be made at my occupation. I was offered a sidelong publicity. which would necessitate me to travel from one location to another. I used the different stairss to find whether I should accept the place. First I identified the determination that needed to be made and that I had two picks. whether I should accept this new place or non. Following I evaluated myself. Did I possess the accomplishments to execute this new occupation? Did the place tantrum with my personality? The 3rd measure determined my options. which were to accept the place or base on balls on the offer. My following measure was to garner all the information on the new place. I researched the occupation duties. radius with other employees who were executing the same occupation. and toured the new location that I would be working at. Following I evaluated the pros and cons of my determination. The pros were that I would be interacting with a new client base. spread outing my capablenesss as an employee and doing myself more marketable for a future publicity. the new environment was less nerve-racking. and I would be able to interact with other sections more. The cons of my new place would be that I would hold a longer distance to go to work. I would be unfamiliar with my new duties and would be larning from abrasion. and eventually I would be traveling into a smaller office. Following I moved on to step six and selected one of my options and decided to accept the place that was being offered. I so followed step seven by set uping a meeting with my supervisor and manager to rede them of my pick. Critical thought was really of import in doing this determination. since I needed to do a determination based on the benefits of my pick instead than allowing emotions guide me. Critical thought is make up ones minding rationally what to or what non to believe ( Norris. 1985 ) . Rick Robert’s 7 Step Model helped see that I looked at my picks from different angles and removed the factors that would non hold efficaciously influenced me. Decisions can be much more complex than they appear. Since our mundane lives and success is dependent on our ability to efficaciously place and put to death these determinations. it is indispensable that we find a method to this. I hope that Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision-Making Model has given you a tool to hone this procedure.

Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays

Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay We all make determinations of changing importance in the workplace every twenty-four hours. so the thought that determination devising can be a instead sophisticated procedure may at first seem unusual. However. surveies have shown that a big per centum of people are much poorer at determination doing than they think. An apprehension of what determination doing involves. together with an effectual techniques. will assist bring forth better determinations. Decision devising is the survey of placing and taking options based on the values and penchants of the determination shaper ( Harris. 1998 ) . Making a determination implies that there are alternate picks to be considered. and in such a instance we want non merely to place as many of these options as possible but to take the 1 that best tantrums with our ends. desires. life style. values. and so on. To make this I will use Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision Making Model and use it to a recent work-related d etermination. I will besides depict how critical thought impacted this determination. The 7 Step Decision MakingModel by Rick Roberts has. you guessed it. seven different stairss. The first measure is to place the determination to be made. Under this measure. one will besides hold to find whether you are doing a pick between two or more options. The following measure is to understand yourself. What skills. involvements. values. and personality do you hold? The 3rd measure is to place the options. What are the current options and are there others available. Step four is to garner information and information. Take a expression at bing resources and place extra information and resources that may be needed. Step five is to measure the options. List the pro’s and con’s of each option. Identify the value and demands that are met by each. Acknowledge any hazards. present and future. involved with each option. The following measure. measure six. is to choose one of the options. If you don’t hold adequate information to choose one of the determinations. so reappraisal or revise one of the above stairss. The concluding measure is to plan a class of action to implement the determination. This 7 Step Decision-Making Model helped me with a recent determination that needed to be made at my occupation. I was offered a sidelong publicity. which would necessitate me to travel from one location to another. I used the different stairss to find whether I should accept the place. First I identified the determination that needed to be made and that I had two picks. whether I should accept this new place or non. Following I evaluated myself. Did I possess the accomplishments to execute this new occupation? Did the place tantrum with my personality? The 3rd measure determined my options. which were to accept the place or base on balls on the offer. My following measure was to garner all the information on the new place. I researched the occupation duties. radius with other employees who were executing the same occupation. and toured the new location that I would be working at. Following I evaluated the pros and cons of my determination. The pros were that I would be interacting with a new client base. spread outing my capablenesss as an employee and doing myself more marketable for a future publicity. the new environment was less nerve-racking. and I would be able to interact with other sections more. The cons of my new place would be that I would hold a longer distance to go to work. I would be unfamiliar with my new duties and would be larning from abrasion. and eventually I would be traveling into a smaller office. Following I moved on to step six and selected one of my options and decided to accept the place that was being offered. I so followed step seven by set uping a meeting with my supervisor and manager to rede them of my pick. Critical thought was really of import in doing this determination. since I needed to do a determination based on the benefits of my pick instead than allowing emotions guide me. Critical thought is make up ones minding rationally what to or what non to believe ( Norris. 1985 ) . Rick Robert’s 7 Step Model helped see that I looked at my picks from different angles and removed the factors that would non hold efficaciously influenced me. Decisions can be much more complex than they appear. Since our mundane lives and success is dependent on our ability to efficaciously place and put to death these determinations. it is indispensable that we find a method to this. I hope that Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision-Making Model has given you a tool to hone this procedure.

Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays

Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essays Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay Analysis of Decision-Making Model Essay We all make determinations of changing importance in the workplace every twenty-four hours. so the thought that determination devising can be a instead sophisticated procedure may at first seem unusual. However. surveies have shown that a big per centum of people are much poorer at determination doing than they think. An apprehension of what determination doing involves. together with an effectual techniques. will assist bring forth better determinations. Decision devising is the survey of placing and taking options based on the values and penchants of the determination shaper ( Harris. 1998 ) . Making a determination implies that there are alternate picks to be considered. and in such a instance we want non merely to place as many of these options as possible but to take the 1 that best tantrums with our ends. desires. life style. values. and so on. To make this I will use Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision Making Model and use it to a recent work-related d etermination. I will besides depict how critical thought impacted this determination. The 7 Step Decision MakingModel by Rick Roberts has. you guessed it. seven different stairss. The first measure is to place the determination to be made. Under this measure. one will besides hold to find whether you are doing a pick between two or more options. The following measure is to understand yourself. What skills. involvements. values. and personality do you hold? The 3rd measure is to place the options. What are the current options and are there others available. Step four is to garner information and information. Take a expression at bing resources and place extra information and resources that may be needed. Step five is to measure the options. List the pro’s and con’s of each option. Identify the value and demands that are met by each. Acknowledge any hazards. present and future. involved with each option. The following measure. measure six. is to choose one of the options. If you don’t hold adequate information to choose one of the determinations. so reappraisal or revise one of the above stairss. The concluding measure is to plan a class of action to implement the determination. This 7 Step Decision-Making Model helped me with a recent determination that needed to be made at my occupation. I was offered a sidelong publicity. which would necessitate me to travel from one location to another. I used the different stairss to find whether I should accept the place. First I identified the determination that needed to be made and that I had two picks. whether I should accept this new place or non. Following I evaluated myself. Did I possess the accomplishments to execute this new occupation? Did the place tantrum with my personality? The 3rd measure determined my options. which were to accept the place or base on balls on the offer. My following measure was to garner all the information on the new place. I researched the occupation duties. radius with other employees who were executing the same occupation. and toured the new location that I would be working at. Following I evaluated the pros and cons of my determination. The pros were that I would be interacting with a new client base. spread outing my capablenesss as an employee and doing myself more marketable for a future publicity. the new environment was less nerve-racking. and I would be able to interact with other sections more. The cons of my new place would be that I would hold a longer distance to go to work. I would be unfamiliar with my new duties and would be larning from abrasion. and eventually I would be traveling into a smaller office. Following I moved on to step six and selected one of my options and decided to accept the place that was being offered. I so followed step seven by set uping a meeting with my supervisor and manager to rede them of my pick. Critical thought was really of import in doing this determination. since I needed to do a determination based on the benefits of my pick instead than allowing emotions guide me. Critical thought is make up ones minding rationally what to or what non to believe ( Norris. 1985 ) . Rick Robert’s 7 Step Model helped see that I looked at my picks from different angles and removed the factors that would non hold efficaciously influenced me. Decisions can be much more complex than they appear. Since our mundane lives and success is dependent on our ability to efficaciously place and put to death these determinations. it is indispensable that we find a method to this. I hope that Rick Robert’s 7 Step Decision-Making Model has given you a tool to hone this procedure.

Analysis of Gryphon by Charles Baxter

Analysis of Gryphon by Charles Baxter Charles Baxters Gryphon originally appeared in his 1985 collection, Through the Safety Net. It has since been included in several anthologies, as well as in Baxters 2011 collection. PBS adapted the story for television in 1988. Plot Ms. Ferenczi, a substitute teacher, arrives in a fourth-grade classroom in rural Five Oaks, Michigan. The children immediately find her both peculiar and intriguing. They have never met her before, and we are told that [s]he didnt look usual. Before even introducing herself, Ms. Ferenczi declares that the classroom needs a tree and begins drawing one on the board an outsized, disproportionate tree. Though Ms. Ferenczi executes the prescribed lesson plan, she clearly finds it tedious and intersperses the assignments with increasingly fantastic stories about her family history, her world travels, the cosmos, the afterlife, and various natural marvels. The students are mesmerized by her stories and her manner. When the regular teacher returns, they are careful not to reveal whats been going on in his absence. A few weeks later, Ms. Ferenczi reappears in the classroom. She shows up with a box of Tarot cards and begins to tell the students futures. When a boy named Wayne Razmer pulls the Death card and asks what it means, she breezily tells him, It means, my sweet, that you will die soon. The boy reports the incident to the principal, and by lunchtime, Ms. Ferenczi has left the school for good. Tommy, the narrator, confronts Wayne for reporting the incident and getting Ms. Ferenczi dismissed, and they end up in a fistfight. By the afternoon, all the students have been doubled up in other classrooms and are back to memorizing facts about the world. Substitute Facts Theres no question that Ms. Ferenczi plays fast and loose with the truth. Her face has two prominent lines, descending vertically from the sides of her mouth to her chin, which Tommy associates with that famous liar, Pinocchio. When she fails to correct a student who has said that six times 11 is 68, she tells the incredulous children to think of it as a substitute fact. Do you think, she asks the children, that anyone is going to be hurt by a substitute fact? This is the big question, of course. The children are enthralled enlivened by her substitute facts. And in the context of the story, I frequently am, too (then again, I found Miss Jean Brodie pretty charming until I caught on to the whole fascism thing). Ms. Ferenczi tells the children that [w]hen your teacher, Mr. Hibler, returns, six times eleven will be sixty-six again, you can rest assured. And it will be that for the rest of your lives in Five Oaks. Too bad, eh? She seems to be promising something so much better, and the promise is alluring. The children argue about whether shes lying, but its clear that they especially Tommy want to believe her, and they try to produce evidence in her favor. For instance, when Tommy consults a dictionary and finds gryphon defined as a fabulous beast, he misunderstands the use of the word fabulous and takes it as evidence that Ms. Ferenczi is telling the truth. When another student recognizes the teachers description of a Venus flytrap because hes seen a documentary about them, he concludes that all her other tales must be true as well. At one point Tommy attempts to make up a story of his own. Its as if he doesnt just want to listen to Ms. Ferenczi; he wants to be like her and create his own flights of fancy. But a classmate cuts him off. Dont you try to do it, the boy tells him. Youll just sound like a jerk. So on some level, the children do seem to understand that their substitute is making things up, but they love hearing her anyway. Gryphon Ms. Ferenczi claims to have seen a real gryphon a creature half lion, half bird in Egypt. The gryphon is an apt metaphor for the teacher and her stories because both combine real parts into unreal wholes. Her teaching vacillates between the prescribed lesson plans and her own whimsical storytelling. She bounces from actual wonders to imagined wonders. She can sound sane in one breath and delusional in the next. This mix of the real and the unreal keeps the children unsteady and hopeful. Whats Important Here? For me, this story is not about whether Ms. Ferenczi is sane, and its not even about whether shes right. Shes a breath of excitement in the childrens otherwise dull routine, and that makes me, as a reader, want to find her heroic. But she can only be considered a hero if you accept the false dichotomy that school is a choice between boring facts and thrilling fictions. It isnt, as many genuinely wonderful teachers prove every day. (And I should make it clear here that I can stomach the character of Ms. Ferenczi only in a fictional context; no one like this has any business in a real classroom.) Whats truly important in this story is the childrens intense longing for something more magical and intriguing than their everyday experience. Its a longing so intense that Tommy is willing to engage in a fistfight over it, shouting, She was always right! She told the truth! in spite of all the evidence. Readers are left pondering the question of whether anyone is going to be hurt by a substitute fact. Does no one get hurt? Is Wayne Razmer hurt by the prediction of his imminent death? (One would imagine so.) Is Tommy hurt by having a tantalizing view of the world held out to him, only to see it abruptly withdrawn? Or is he richer for having glimpsed it at all?

Thea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thea - Essay Example During this era, Hollywood or cinema was becoming an imperative part in the development of the fashion industry. Cinema became the mode of shifting attention from the sorrowful scenario generated due to war. Hollywood actresses played crucial roles in determining the fashion statements of the year. Uche Okonkwo in the renowned book; â€Å"Luxury Fashion Branding: Trends, Tactics, Techniques† mentioned, â€Å"This led to the increase of the style and fashion influences of Hollywood actresses like Marilyn Monroe, Liza Taylor, Audrey Hepburn and Brigitte Bardot† (Okonkwo 30). THESIS STATEMENT This essay intends to focus on the influence the costumes of the movies in 1940s had on the general fashion of the era. Moreover, keeping in view the two prominent actresses who were extremely popular in that generation in Hollywood, Audrey Hepburn and Katherine Hepburn, the essay focuses on the stylistics and fashion statement of these two divas on the society as a whole. FASHION OF HOLLYWOOD IN 1940s To understand the fashion and style of Hollywood films during 1940s, it is essential to study the nature of film produced during the era and the characteristics and features of those films particularly. Film Noir is a product of these decades, but 1940s and 50s observed the increase of Hollywood musicals as well. The decade viewed a mix feeling of emotion and maturity in the films. With the disappearing of the war generated distress among people, it was a suitable time for the people to celebrate a new beginning and reunite. Depressing activities of war time started eradicating slowly during this decade. In its place, action, adventure and fun began to take priority for the subject of the movies. Taking the opportunity, Hollywood started focusing on entertainment, making it a component for profitable film making. This kind of fun, adventure and family dramas did involve a considerable amount of scope for fashion and decorative settings. People were significantly m otivated towards following the decoration appearing on the film sets and the hair style, shoes and bags along with jewelleries worn or used by their dream man or woman on the silver screen. ROLE OF ACTRESSES IN DETERMINING THE FASHION STATEMENT OF 1940S: A CLOSE STUDY OF STYLISTICS OF AUDREY HEPBURN AND KATHERINE HEPBURN The movies of 1940s did give birth to a number of new actors and actresses in Hollywood films. The emergence of such new talents brought with it a combination of new tastes and new faces which positively altered the meaning of cinema. It also expanded cinema totally from a very conventional form. The spectacular aspects depicted in the films started to get apparent through the costumes and fashion statements of the heroines. It would be unfair to take the name of one of the timeless beauties of Hollywood when fashion statement and its depiction in cinema become the topic for discussion. Audrey Hepburn made a stunning performance in the film ‘Roman Holiday†™ in the year 1953. As regards to her fashion statement, it is quite necessary to mention that Audrey Hepburn has made her space in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame. The appeal and style with which she carried all her apparel added an extra attraction to them. Actually, 1940s witnessed the huge addition of women into the film industry. Thus, the pioneers like Hepburn had to take the extra care of maintaining the dignity and respect of women appearing on screen as icons of independent American

Controversy that Surrounds Capital Punishment Research Paper

Controversy that Surrounds Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example Capital Punishment Capital punishment is one of the most controversial aspects of the administration of criminal justice. Its documented history is rooted in the early eighteenth century B.C. among the Babylonians under the leadership of King Hammurabi, who is associated with the Hammurabi Code (Brians 59). This code contained 282 laws that governed that society, with more than twenty-five of these laws advocating for the death penalty as a punishment for the crimes committed. These crimes included stealing from temples, breaking and entering, false accusations, and adultery, among others. During this period, the major modes of execution seemed to be harsh and inhumane and bent towards making the culprits suffer before they eventually died. For example, depending on the crimes committed, convicted criminals were put to death through burning, crucifixion, drowning, or even being beaten to death (Brians 64). In the United States, the first documented execution with regard to capital pu nishment can be traced back to the year 1608, when Captain George Kendall was killed for allegedly spying on Britain for Spain (Cassel 14). It may be important to note that the United States at this time was under the colonial rule of the Britons, who are credited with the introduction of the death penalty in the pre-independence era. The second execution was that of a Daniel Frank from the then-colony of Virginia, who was accused of committing robbery, an act that was contrary to the divine, moral, and martial laws of 1612 which were enforced by the governor, Sir Thomas Dale, and which prescribed the death penalty for crimes that would be considered petty today. Crimes that earned the death penalty included stealing items such as grapes, doing business with Indians, or merely killing a chicken (Cassel 23). The death penalty has been in existence so long that it is entrenched in many cultures (Bedau 12). It is therefore no surprise that many countries, including the post-independenc e United States, have embraced the death penalty as one way of deterring crimes, especially those considered capital offenses. However, the scope within which it is applied has been reduced significantly over the years to limit it to crimes such as first-degree murder and treason, as seen in most of the states’ penal codes. Other capital offenses include drug trafficking, kidnapping, aircraft hijacking, perjury, and acts of terrorism, among others, but these vary by state (Bedau 28). This means that committing perjury resulting in death may attract a death sentence in California but a more lenient punishment in a state such as Oklahoma. The military can also sentence soldiers to death in times of war for committing crimes such as desertion, rebelling openly against their superiors’ orders, or betraying their own forces, thereby compromising their mission. However, most of these crimes are uncommon, and murder has been the crime that has most often resulted in the appli cation of the death penalty in the United States (Roberts 132). Unlike in the pre-modern societies such as the Babylonians under Hammurabi, the carrying out of death sentences has taken more humane forms, which are less primitive and aimed at getting the results (i.e., the death of the convict) rather than inflicting pain. In this context, most

Occupational Gender Segregation In British Labour Market Sociology Essay

Occupational Gender Segregation In British Labour Market Sociology Essay The essay will concentrate on the phenomenon of an occupational gender segregation that women continue to suffer in the labour market in Britain. Firstly this essay will look at some statistics surrounding women in the employment. Secondly, the paper will consider theories that try to explain the occupational segregation by sex. The essay will examined the neo-classical economic theories of human capital and rational choice. Moreover, the paper will evaluate if these theories stands up as an argument to reason the occupational gender segregation. Then the concept of patriarchy which is at the centre of feminist theory will be presented and appraised in connection with understanding the cause of occupational sex segregation. The last theory to be assessed in relation to disadvantage experienced by women in the labour market will be the idea of preference theory based on Catherine Hakims study. Despite over forty years since first Equal Opportunities legislation has been introduced, labour market in the United Kingdom is marked by the sexual segregation in occupations that women so often experience. Labour Market Statistics( 2010) highlights that 42.8% of female employees work in part-time jobs to compare with 11.9% of their male counterparts and 74.4% of all employees in part-time jobs are women; thus part-time jobs tend to be seen as womens work. This generates financial consequences for women. Recent survey by Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (2009, p.5) illustrates that the full time gender pay gap is at 16.4% and the part time gender pay gap is at 13.2%. The Equal Opportunities Commission (2006) estimated that the gender pay gap would lose a woman working on full-time basis a cumulative amount of  £330,000, or  £210,000 after taxes over her life. Labour Force Survey (2006, p.5) also points out that women predominantly work in service occupations whereby men most ly work in management occupations and in professions that require high level of knowledge and skills. The neo-classical economic theories of human capital and rational choice represent a prominent proposition that attempts to clarify the reasons behind occupational sex segmentation. (Blackburn et al., 2002, p.515) The rational theory suggests that employees and employers behave sensibly in the labour market. Thus, people decide to invest in their qualifications and gain work experience in order to obtain the highest level of income possible after assessing the level and quality of their human capital and existing constrains to enter particular occupation (Anker, 1997, p.317). Furthermore, employers look for the highest return possible by increasing productivity and reducing costs. However, the rationality of employers actions may cause unequal treatment of women in employment sphere (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.55). According to human capital theory, women entering labour market offer lower level of knowledge and skills, and less suitable qualifications that employers are looking for compare to men partly due to inequality women experience within education system (Haggerty and Johnson, 1995 p.212 and 216) and partly because women are predominant child carers and are solely responsible for home activities (Anker, 1997, p.317). Moreover, women obtain lower level of work experience than their male counterparts due to temporary or permanent exit from the labour market to look after their youngsters and households (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.55). Neo-classical theories indicate that house duties make women often to opt for a part-time work, a full-time job that does not require much effort and energy (Blackburn et al., 2002, p.517). Therefore, female workers are often regarded by employers as less committed and less professional (Epstein et al., 1999 in Hardill and Watson, 2000, pp.21-22). In accordance with Polacheks theory, women usually select occupations that do not carry severe penalties for short-term breaks that women take to care for their children and homes (England, 1982, p.363). Furthermore, the employers often link female employees with higher indirect costs, which the most known is maternity leave. It is said that women are more likely to be late or absent at work than men, possibly due to home responsibilities (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.57). The women are often associated with high level of turnover as they often quit their jobs after childbirth or in some cases after getting married (Anker, 1997, p.317).Thus, according to Becker (1971 in Anker, 1997, p.320), employers are rational when they abstain to employ women in order to avoid higher indirect costs. Despite of neo-classical theories contribution to explaining occupational sex segregation, there are some issues when these theories are the only one considered. Evidences have indicated that womens participation in employment has risen in Britain since 70s (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.60). Labour market statistics (November 2010, p.3) indicates that recent women employment rate stands at 65.7% compare with just 56 % in 1971(Office for National Statistics 2009).An introduction of house appliances such as washing machines, cookers and microwaves has decreased significantly the time required to perform certain house activities in recent decades (Bowden and Offer, 1994, p.728). Moreover, recently more women are force to work to sustain themselves and their children due to a higher proportion of single parent households (Buvini, 1995 in Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.60). Census (2001) statistics have indicated that 90.5 %of households in England and Wales are headed by single women. These ch anges indicate that women have increased their work experience and in this way they have enhanced their human capital (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.60). Considering the human capital theory these changes should enable women to enter occupations. However, women still face barriers to enter those occupations (Anker, 1997, p.320), and the reason for that is not explained by the economic theories. In accordance with economic theories, lower level of income achieved by women is fair as their level of human capital is much lower than that of the male workers. However, pay inequality between men and women is much higher than would be anticipated based on human capital reasoning (Treiman and Hartmann, 1981; World Bank, 1994 in Blackburn et al., 2002, p.517). Furthermore, womens pay inequality is not only bounded to women with children. There are many professions which also badly reward single women. Although rational choice theory explains that there is a belief that all women will have children, recent researches have highlighted that more and more women are fully dedicated to their careers and decide to have no children on their own (Browne 2000; Franks 1999 in Blackburn et al., 2002, p.519). When looking at indirect costs, they are perceived to be higher for female employees than their male counterparts; however, the evidence has shown that the rate of absenteeism and turnover is very similar for both genders (Anker, 1997, p.319). The argument of human capital theory that women traditionally choose professions that are not costly when suspended for a short-time (Watts and Rich, 1993, p.60) is disapproved by England (1982). The evidence England has put forward indicates that professions with a high rate of women do not necessary carry lower penalties for short-term breaks from work than professions with lower rate of women (England, 1982, p.365). The neo-classical theories arguments applied alone offers just limited explanation for occupational sex segregation. Kirton and Greene (2005, p.62) have put forward questions that the economic theories do not explain; why do certain social groups on average come to the labour market with lower levels of education and in what are seen as less relevant subjects? Why is housework and childcare and elder care almost always the sole responsibility of women? The gender theory concept of patriarchy should fill the gaps that exist in economic theories discussed earlier. According to Hartmann (1976, p.152-3), occupational gender segregation is a result of the phenomenon of patriarchy. This concept is concerned with a social situation where women are in subordinate position and are dominated, exploited, and undermined by powerful men (Bender L., 1988, pp.5-6); thus it seems to be intended as an explanation of vertical segregation (Blackburn et al., 2002, p.521). Women around the world are generally perceived to be housewives, and men to be main breadwinners in households. This might explain why women are solely accountable for most of the house activities and childcare (Anker, 1997, p. 324). Due to patriarchal system, women joining labour market are affected by their free house work; their incomes are perceived as extra money added to a primary incomes of their husbands. This in turn stimulates the gender pay gap that exists in the United Ki ngdom (Kirton and Greene, 2005, p.64). The fact that women occupy subordinate positions and perform house duties solely might explain why women enter the labour market with lower levels of education and are more likely to obtain qualifications that are less relevant to the labour market as it is believed that women have a lower desire for qualifications that are appropriate to labour market (Anker, 1997, p.324). Although the patriarchy theory is indented to comprehend the concept of occupational sex segregation, many scholars have highlighted some limitations when considered separately. Walbys claim that men have usually been successful in excluding women from the better work (1986,p.248) is disputed by evidences seen in the British society where many women work in better professions, and have better working and living conditions than many of their male counterparts (Blackburn et al.2002, p.521) The patriarchy theory reasoning is also looking bad when we take into consideration recent developments in the labour market, where shrinking of the male trades (such as mining, steel and docking) and the expansion of the service sector has favoured women more than men. The evidences have shown that in some parts of UK women account for most then 50% of the entire workforce (Browne, 2000 in Blackburn et al., 2002, p.521). The preference theory is a connection between gender theory of patriarchy and Goldbergs (1973, 1979, and 1993) biological theories. Hakim (1996 in Crompton and Harris, 998b, p.144) argues that men are more ruthless and ambitious than women due to higher testosterone levels in their organism. She presents the evidence which indicates that male labour market dominance is strongly supported by both genders. Furthermore, Hakim believes that women are not the same and they differ in relation to their family and work commitments (Blackburn et al., 2002, p.523).Their choices between job and home are not limited by any significant restrictions (Hakim in McRae, 2003, p.318) but are based purely on their preferences. Hakim (2002, p.434) assigns women to three groups. The first group involves the work-centred females who are highly committed to their jobs. The second group are the home-centred women. Women belonging to this group are devoted to their families and prefer to stay at home (Blackbu rn, 2001, p.523). The third group includes the adaptive women who juggle job and home or women who have no idea where their careers are going (McRae, 2003, p. 318). Hakim (1996, p.211) suggests that male solidarity wins because women dither, because they are swayed by the dominant male voice and also because women are divided in their preferences and interests. Thus, the interplay between womens differences, an argument of patriarchy theory of male domination and womens diverse priorities explains the womens employment position in Britain (Crompton and Harris, 1998b, p.144). Hakim (2002, p.435-7) suggests that only small proportion of women are fully concentrated on their careers or families. Large majority of females integrate family and work without fully committing to either (Hakim, 2002, p.434). This view is supported by evidences that have shown that only 10% of first-time mothers remain in full-time work where 90% of mothers mix periods of full-time and part-time work or leave the labour market permanently (McRae, 2003, p.322-3) However, preference theory also has some deficiencies. Blackburn et al. (2002, p.525) disagree with an argument that womens choices are not limited by any constraints. They point out that concerns such as possible income and childcare costs have a great impact on women choices that might be far from their preferred choice. McRae (2003, p.333) suggests that the evidences introduced in her paper shows that women are not as diverse as suggested by Hakim in their choices in regards to their work and family lifestyle but they are different in their capacities to act on those preferences. These evidences are clashing with an assumption of preference theory about female heterogeneity. This concluding part of the essay offer some general conclusions about the applicability of the theories analysed in this paper for the reason behind the occupational gender segregation in Britain presented by statistical data. Discussed in the paper theories of neo-classical, patriarchy and preference have been very useful to understanding why women experience disadvantage in the labour market. They have offered different and sometimes contrasting arguments. Thus, the main argument of human capital theory is that women are disadvantaged due to their lower level of education and work experience which is a product of inequality in a schooling system and sole responsibilities for home and children. Contrary to human capital theory, preference theory has argued that women choose to be committed or uncommitted to their work careers and there are no major constrains to prohibit women from joining the labour market. On the other hand the concept of patriarchy has highlighted that male domi nation over women in societies is the main reason behind occupational gender segregation. Despite their great value to comprehend the cause of occupational segregation by sex, all of these theories are flawed to same degree and neither should be considered separately. To fully understand the reason for women disadvantage in the employment relationship, there is a need to bring neo-classical, patriarchy and preference theories together.